In Ohio, all candidates in the Early Childhood, Middle Childhood, and Intervention Specialists programs are required to take a twelve-hour reading core that allows them to be reading specialists within the age range of their teaching license. If Early Childhood and Middle Childhood candidates add two classes (Issues of Reading for Children with Mild-Moderate Disabilities and Reading Research), their endorsement covers k-12. Intervention Specialists take five course in their initial licensure program and only need to add Reading Research to be k-12 endorsed.